Criminal aspect of human trafficking (national and foreign legislation)

Abstract

Human trafficking in the modern world is a serious problem that contradicts the basic principles of dignity and human rights. It is one of the most brutal mass violations of human rights and freedoms, as it is only outstripped by the sale of drugs and weapons. One of the main social threats of human trafficking is the violation of personal integrity and freedom. People who are enslaved are often used for forced labor, sexual exploitation or other forms of criminal activity. Human trafficking is a criminal offense and anyone, regardless of age, gender, financial or social status, can be affected by it. The risk of becoming a victim of exploitation has increased dramatically since the beginning of Russia’s large-scale invasion of Ukraine. The situation when Ukrainian citizens, fleeing for their lives, left with documents that were not properly executed, and upon arrival in another country were not sufficiently aware of the need to register with the consulate, increased the risk of becoming a victim of exploitation abroad. When looking for work or housing, especially in large cities or in new areas, people may find themselves in situations of human trafficking. Internally displaced persons who are forced to leave their homes due to conflict or natural disasters are often in a helpless position and look for new housing and work in conditions where criminals can exploit their vulnerability. Anyone can be at risk of becoming a victim of human trafficking, including people of different genders, ages, social backgrounds, and incomes. This category includes representatives of socially vulnerable and disadvantaged groups in difficult life circumstances: members of large families and low-income families; single mothers; people with special needs; lonely elderly people; victims of domestic violence; orphans, children deprived of care and custody, “street children”; unemployed people of working age; and homeless people.